EtherNAT Address Filter Design

6byte Add. + 58bytes capture
worst case 58*8 / 10Mbps = 46,4 mueSek. to respond

​​​​​​​​​​​​​Block codes work on fixed-size blocks (packets) of bits or symbols of predetermined size. Practical block codes can generally be hard-decoded in polynomial time to their block length.
Convolutional codes work on bit or symbol streams of arbitrary length. They are most often soft decoded with the Viterbi algorithm, though other algorithms are sometimes used.

  • Hemming distance
  • Levenshtein distance

Hamming ECC is commonly used to correct NAND flash memory errors. This provides single-bit error correction and 2-bit error detection. they only suitable for more reliable single-level cell (SLC) NAND. Denser multi-level cell (MLC) NAND may use multi-bit correcting ECC such as BCH or Reed–Solomon. NOR Flash does not use any error correction.

The key innovation of turbo codes is how they use the likelihood data to reconcile differences between the two decoders

This iterative process continues until the two decoders come up with the same hypothesis, typically in 15 to 18 cycles.

the parallel interface use busffer descriptor look up, into 32bit FIFO width memory bus
is bound by the 4-longword SCC2 receive FIFO leaving 42 Bytes or 33,6 mueSek of respons time

the MU9C1480 LAN CAM holds 1K 64bit can cascaded to achieve deeper CAM size
device uses a 16bit Data BUS in a 44PIN pllc
letch the destination address 32bit data bus comparing the sequenz to writing it in register by 16bit words.

the interface logic allow also host access to the LANCAM for Add Tabel maintenance.

also a DSP can use as an address filter, with a fast instruction cycle Time (30 to 50 ns)
Communication with the CPU is done (3DC++) via an independent parallel Host Port on the DSP
the hostport is used to boodstrap the DSP

the Motorola DSP56002 by 24Bit using 66Mhz for 30ns execution time!
with 56bit accomulation which allows a full 48bit Ethernet address to be DONE in a single intruction (3x by MT6261)
internal dataRAM of 512 WORDs each for address filter code an up to 256 Addresses inkl. destination ADD
Optional the MCM56824 expand the static RAM to 8K words

1 bit frame sync signal to start receiving
the first 3Bit used to delay the DATA! and than starts the INVERSION auf 24Bit WORDS in time slots
after 2 WORDS received its RESET the SSI and starting all again ...next FRAME
Trilling back and forth , 2WORD Destination Reset then 2 WORD Source

The letching VALUE $FF to compare the 48Bits at a TIME can be later FILTERED by the MCU
The Address Table consisting X and Y memory Location to take advantage of the parallel architecture
By comparing the destination ADD (56bit), the end of search is detected.
the Table Pointer goes back to the next parallel LOAD or EXIT
the searching LOOp needs 3 instruction Cycles to execute it to onCHIP RAM table, therefore it needed an extra CYCLE to TRANFER the 48Bit ADD on the SINGLE BUS!

# ADDRESS ENTRIES

AT 3 cycles (90ns) per address, can go through roughly 500 address entries withinthe shartest Ethernet frame.
A small bridge with up to 255 address table entries would only the lower cost by 40Mhz using only On.Chip.Memory
by 60Mhz external Memory, device can HANDLE 500entries! Thats usable for Multiple DSPs in Parallel!

FAZIT

T-Systems 1993 A(n)20 | 31
Within the MCM56824 & Server Message Block (MU9C1408)
Trilling Back & Forth

The RISC Communication Processor

When multiple requests arrive at the CP to be serviced, they are handled in the following priority order

  1. Highest Reset in CP command register or System Reset
  2. SDMA bus error
  3. Commands issued in the CP command register
  4. SCC1 reception
  5. SCC1 transmission
  6. SCC2 reception
  7. SCC2 transmission
  8. SCC3 reception
  9. SCC3 transmission
  10. SCC4 reception
  11. SCC4 transmission
  12. SMC1 reception
  13. SMC1 transmission
  14. SMC2 reception
  15. SMC2 transmission
  16. SPI reception
  17. SPI transmission
  18. PIP
  19. Lowest RISC Timers

The MC68360 Quad Integrated Communications Controller (QUICC) has many seven controllers

Under extreme conditions, too many requests can arrive at the CP in a given period for it to handle. In this case, the lower priority requests are ignored. When this is a serial channel, its FIFOs will underrun or overrun cause problems elsewhere in the system.
Controlling the serial periphal interface (SPI) by two (SMCs) serial management controllers under FOUR (SCCs) serial communication controlers.

When all sixteen RISC timers are operating, they use approximately 4% of the CP performance. If other CP activity exceeds a 96% utilisation of the CP, the RISC counters will not increment regularly. performance testing is complete and the RISC timers are not running, there is approximately 4% spare capacity in the CP to handle other requests

The EDC/ECC technique uses an error-detecting code (EDC) in the level 1 cache. If an error is detected, data is recovered from ECC-protected level 2 cache. The ECC/ECC technique uses an ECC-protected level 1 cache and an ECC-protected level 2 cache. CPUs that use the EDC/ECC technique always write-through all STOREs to the level 2 cache, so that when an error is detected during a read from the level 1 data cache, a copy of that data can be recovered from the level 2 cache.

  • Simplex configurations can include 7 I/O channels, while duplex configurations can include 14 I/O channels
  • Two new program interruptions: Segment translation exception (16) and page translation exception (17)
  • HR Interval Timer with 13 microseconds

Error correction code memory (ECC memory)

While 72-bit word with 64 data bits and 8 checking bits are common, ECC is also used with smaller and larger sizes

SECDED Binary Hamming Codes

First used of a TLB and of TIME-Sharing with the IBM 3.60/67 from the late 1960th

CPM / CPU Interaction

On transmit, the SDMA will either read 16 or 32-bits at the start of a frame depending on the starting address. (If a 16-bit read is sufficient, the SDMA will only read 16-bits). It then throws away one of the bytes if it does not need all of them. Then for the rest of the transfers, the SDMA will always read 32-bits at a time. Note: The SDMA only reads 16-bits at a time in UART mode, and never reads 32-bits.

(SCC1 TX immediately followed by SCC2 TX). There will always be a few clocks inbetween

As soon as there is one 32-bit entry of the receive FIFO that is available, a request is generated to the CPM. This provides the maximum bus latency. Minimum bus latency allowed is therefore the time it takes to fill N-4 bytes, where N is the number of bytes in the FIFO (either 32 for SCC1, or 16 for the other SCCs)

Long frames are better because there is more time In Frame to recover from the high CPM loading of opening/closing BDs.

CPM will use multiple buffers to receive a frame if needed

CPM pipelines its reads so up to 9 clocks latency has no performance impact at all!

​​​​​​​​

The Gang of Nine was the informal name given to the consortium of personal computer manufacturing companies that together created the EISA bus. Rival members generally acknowledged Compaq's leadership, with one stating in 1989 that within the Gang of Nine "when you have 10 people sit down before a table to write a letter to the president, someone has to write the letter. Compaq is sitting down at the typewriter"

  • AST Research
  • Compaq Computer Corporation
  • Seiko Epson Corp.
  • Hewlett-Packard
  • NEC Corp.
  • Olivetti
  • Tandy Corp.
  • WYSE
  • Zenith Data Systems

In 1988 - Extendet -ISA (industrie Standart Assosiation)

Hardware RAID- 32bit BUS (compatible with 8 & 16Bit ISA) - 98 bis 100 PINs | 5v/12v - 8.33Mhz Clock with dataRate by 4BYTEs (Half-dublex) about 33MB/s, but useable about 20MB/s - in a Parallel style!

1993 (Compaq ProLiant); 2003 (HP ProLiant)

The development of Micro Channel was driven by both technical and business pressures.

WHile there is an technical issue, about the error handling, which crashes over 3MHZ maybe 3.03, using 3 of 4 channels under (lower) then 3.03MHz it works without any problems. 3 Channels so compressed, the 9 Organisations came UP with the standart of 8.33Mhz which is lower as 3x 3.03Mhr=9.1Mhz the EISA

After the entire frame is transmitted, the CPM will check the next BD’s ready bit immediately. If 0, it will go back into 128 tx clock poll mode.

CPM does an SDMA cycle(s) to write the first 32-bits of receive data.

CPM Detects Ready bit has been set. »After this SCC goes idle, the CPM polls the ready bit every 128 TX Clocks for Ethernet, (64 TX Clocks for HDLC/Transparent and every character time for UART).

CPM does an SDMA cycle(s) to get the first 32-bits of transmit data

Host Commands from CPU | Buffer Descriptors | Event Registers | Configuration Registers

SS7 Ch. RISC Bandwidth Possible Conf. of Channels
1 x 64 Kbit/s 1% 1 x 10 Mbit Ethernet, 2x 2048 Mbit HDLC
2 x 64 Kbit/s 2% 2x 4 Mbit/s HDLC, 2x 19.2 Kbit SMC UART
3 x 64 Kbit/s 3% 1x 6 Mbit/s HDLC, 2x 19.2 Kbit SMC UART

(1x) = A10 Stack Pointer

(2x) = OS Processes

(3X) = Threads

SS 7

A typical 16-Subscriber ISDN line card using MGSCI in an ISDN switch. Each subscriber line is terminated on the line card by a U or S/t line transeiver. The Multiplexer logic converts between the 16 individual basic rate GCI circuits and time devision multiplex links carrying the D, B ans control Channels. The B Channels are routed to the main system via the system interface while the D.Channels are handeld on the board. The C/I and monitor channels are used on the board to carry control and status information between the MC68360 and the Transceiver.

WIth 25MHZ of processing POWER of a RISC communication engin by an MGCI SCC operation at a serial bit rate of 2Mbps carries 32 x 64Kbit channels.

MGCI SCCs RISC Bandwidth Possible Conf. of Channels
1x 2Mbit/s 25% 3x 2Mbit HDLC, 2x 9.6Kbit SMC UART
2x 2Mbit/s 50% 2x 2Mbit HDLC, 2x 9.6Kbit SMC UART

ASYNCHRONOUS HDLC FOR PPP

ASYNC HDLC is a frame based protocol which uses HDLC framing techniques in conjunction with UART-type characters. Used as the Physical layer for the Point to Point Protocol (PPP).

It is more efficient and less cumpute-intenive for the CPU to allow the Communication Processor Modul (CPM) to perform the framing and transparency functions of the protocol.

​Barry Feigenbaum originally designed SMB at IBM in early 1983 with the aim of ^turning DOS INT 21h local file access into a networked file system.[9] Microsoft has made considerable modifications to the most commonly used version. Microsoft merged the SMB protocol with the LAN Manager product which it had started developing for OS/2 with 3Com around 1990, and continued to add features to the protocol in Windows for Workgroups (c. 1992) and in later versions of Windows.

Other improvements include caching of file properties, improved message signing with HMAC SHA-256 hashing algorithm and better scalability by increasing the number of users, shares and open files per server among others. The SMB1 protocol uses 16-bit data sizes, which amongst other things, limits the maximum block size to 64K. SMB2 uses 32- or 64-bit wide storage fields, and 128 bits in the case of file-handles, thereby removing previous constraints on block sizes...

At 25MHz, an aggregate Asynchronous HDLC bandwidth of 3Mbps divided among 4 SCCs consumes 100% of the processing POWER!

AHDLC CH. RISC Bandwidth Possible Conf. of Channels
1x 115Kbit/s 4% 1x 10Mbit Ethernet, 2x 1.5Mbit HDLC, 9.6Kbit SMC UART
2x 230Kbit/s 15% 1x 10Mbit Ethernet, 1x 1.5Mbit HDLC, 9.6Kbit SMC UART
3x 230Kbit/s 24% 1x 5Mbit HDLC, 2x 9.6Kbit SMC UART

Seperate interrupts for receiving frames and transmitted buffers

Automatic 16Bit CRC generating and checking (CRC-CCITT)

Automatic transmission of the ABORT sequens (0x7D, 0x7E) after the STOP TRANSMIT command is issued.

Consumes of the 768Bytes of the MCUs intern Memory 0> 768/2=384*8=3072 | *125 = 384000/pixel

PROFIBUS Controller

​There are two types of callbacks, differing in how they control data flow at runtime: blocking callbacks (synchronous callbacks) and deferred callbacks (asynchronous callbacks).

On Linux, the set of file descriptors open in a process can be accessed under the path /proc/PID/fd/, where PID is the process identifier.

The term socket is also used for the software endpoint of node-internal inter-process communication (IPC), which often uses the same API as a network socket.

An IPC mechanism Synchronization primitives may be used to have synchronous behavior with an asynchronous IPC mechanism.

ENHANCED ETHERNET FILTERING